2024: France sets a historic record for electricity exports

In 2024, France solidified its role as a leader in Europe’s electricity market by achieving a historic milestone: net electricity exports of 89 TWh, over 90% of which were low-carbon. This success was driven by a rebound in nuclear power production, coupled with the growing contribution of renewable energy sources.

A Historic Achievement for French Electricity Exports

France has proudly reached a new historic peak in electricity exports, with a net balance of 89 terawatt-hours (TWh), surpassing the previous record of 77 TWh set in 2002. This performance highlights the resurgence of French electricity in European markets, thanks to predominantly low-carbon production.

Nuclear Power at the Core of the Success

The primary driver of this achievement is undoubtedly the recovery of French nuclear production, which returned to near-optimal levels following two challenging years impacted by stress corrosion issues. With nuclear output estimated between 358 and 364 TWh in 2024, France reinforced its position as a leader in decarbonised electricity supply in Europe. This increase was complemented by growth in renewable energy sources—including wind, solar, and hydropower—that further diversified and strengthened the energy mix.

Record Exports Across Europe

This record was reflected in positive export balances at France’s borders. French electricity primarily flowed to Germany and Belgium, with a combined 27.2 TWh exported, including a record 23.5 TWh imported by Germany. Other major recipients included Italy (22.3 TWh), the United Kingdom (20.1 TWh), Switzerland (16.7 TWh), and Spain (2.8 TWh).

This exceptional performance was also facilitated by reduced domestic electricity consumption. French demand in 2024 remained 6% below the average for 2014-2019, due to improved energy efficiency, energy-saving measures implemented since 2022, and (unfortunately) a slowdown in industrial activity. This context freed up a significant portion of national production for export.

Promising Prospects with the EPR

The outlook for 2025 is equally promising, if not brighter, with the expected ramp-up of the Flamanville EPR, which was connected to the grid at the end of 2024 and is anticipated to reach 100% capacity by summer 2025. With over 90% of French electricity produced without CO₂ emissions, France’s energy exports continue to contribute to reducing the continent’s carbon footprint.■

By Ludovic Dupin (Sfen)
Image: Powerline – © SEBASTIEN LAPEYRERE / Hans Lucas / Hans Lucas via AFP